All Charts A–Z
Every GlobeChart data page in one place: 315 topics across economy, trade, climate, energy, health, education, population, food and technology. Each page combines interactive charts, downloadable data tables and the methodology behind the numbers.
Economy & Finance 44 pages
- Bank Failures Through HistoryUS and global bank failures since the 1870s. National Banking era panics, the Great Depression wave, the S&L…
- BitcoinBitcoin price history, hash rate growth, market capitalisation, ETF holdings, and the structural metrics that…
- Business Cycle IndicatorsThe classic business-cycle dashboard: leading, coincident, lagging indicators.
- Central Bank Balance SheetsFederal Reserve, ECB, BoE, BoJ balance sheet growth from 2008 to today.
- Consumer SpendingHow household budgets split across food, housing, transport, healthcare, education and leisure.
- Corporate ProfitsUS and global corporate profits as % of GDP, profit margins, and the question of why margins are at multi-decade…
- Cost of LivingInternational cost-of-living comparisons: Big Mac index, CPI baskets, the most and least expensive cities…
- Cryptocurrency MarketsBitcoin and Ethereum market capitalisation, stablecoin supply, country-level adoption, the regulatory landscape…
- Economic Freedom IndicesEconomic freedom rankings: Heritage Foundation Index of Economic Freedom and Fraser Institute Economic Freedom of…
- Exchange Rates & Currency MarketsUSD index, EUR/USD, USD/JPY, USD/CNY, EM currency pressure. Dollar strength, intervention episodes, real effective…
- Female Labour ParticipationWomen's labour force participation: rates by region, the gender gap and rankings.
- Financial InclusionHow many adults have an account, and where the 1.3 billion unbanked live.
- Foreign Direct InvestmentA reference page on FDI: greenfield versus M&A, the difference between flows and stock, ultimate beneficial…
- Foreign Exchange ReservesGlobal FX reserves, currency composition and the slow decline of the US dollar's share.
- Freelance and Gig EconomyThe scale of gig and freelance work globally. Uber, Upwork, DoorDash and the regulatory wave around worker status.
- Gini CoefficientIncome and wealth Gini coefficients by country. Mechanics of the measure, comparisons across pre- and…
- Global GDP & Economic GrowthComprehensive GDP data for 2026. World economy $123.6 trillion, 3.3% growth. USA $31.8T, China $18.5T, India $4.5T.
- Global Inequality Through HistoryLong-run global inequality from 1820 to today. The shift from within-country to between-country inequality, and…
- Global Inflation RatesTrack global inflation trends. World CPI 3.7% (2026), down from 8.7% peak (2022).
- Global Interest Rates & Central Bank PolicyTrack central bank interest rates. Fed funds 5.25%, ECB 4.0%, BoE 5.0%.
- Global Stock MarketsTrack global stock markets. World market cap $115T, S&P 500 +24%, MSCI World +18%.
- Global Unemployment & Labor MarketsTrack global unemployment trends. World jobless rate 4.9% (186M people, 2026). Youth unemployment 11.9%.
- Gold Prices Through HistoryLong-run gold prices in nominal and real terms. From Roman aureus to Bretton Woods to today's $2,400/oz.
- Government DebtA reference page on government debt: gross versus net, debt-to-GDP, currency and maturity composition, and how to…
- Housing Prices & AffordabilityReal house price index across 40+ countries, price-to-income and price-to-rent ratios, the most and least…
- Income InequalityA reference guide to income inequality: how the Gini coefficient, top-decile share, and Palma ratio differ, what…
- Informal EconomyInformal employment globally — 2 billion workers. Country variation, why it persists, and the implications for tax…
- International TourismGlobal tourist arrivals and receipts, the 2020 COVID collapse, recovery, and top destinations.
- Labour Force ParticipationGlobal LFPR was 61.1% in 2024, with a wide gap between men and women.
- Long-Run GDP per CapitaTwo thousand years of economic growth — GDP per capita from 1 AD to the present using the Maddison Project series.
- Military SpendingRecord $2.89 trillion in 2025: top military spenders, % of GDP and regional trends (SIPRI data)
- Minimum Wage Around the WorldStatutory minimum wages by country in USD and PPP terms. Coverage gaps, the Kaitz index, and the long debate over…
- Money Supply HistoryThe long-run history of money supply — from gold-standard discipline to fiat expansion.
- National BudgetsHow governments spend money: the composition of national budgets by function.
- National Debt — Levels and CompositionNational (sovereign) debt levels worldwide — gross and net debt, currency composition, maturity profile, and the…
- Pension SystemsPublic and private pension spending, pay-as-you-go vs funded systems, replacement rates, the demographic squeeze…
- Productivity GrowthLabour productivity growth across major economies. The post-2005 slowdown puzzle, the productivity paradox, and…
- Purchasing Power ParityThe PPP concept explained. ICP benchmarks, why China's PPP GDP exceeds US, and the use of PPP for living-standards…
- R&D SpendingResearch and development expenditure, R&D intensity and the global innovation race.
- Recession HistoryPost-war recessions in the US and globally: depth, duration, recovery.
- RemittancesA reference page on personal remittances: top corridors, share of GDP for receiving countries, the cost of sending…
- Sovereign Wealth FundsGlobal SWF assets, the largest funds by AUM, regional shares and oil vs non-commodity funding.
- Tax Rates Around the WorldStatutory and effective tax rates across countries: corporate income tax, personal income tax, VAT/GST.
- Wealth DistributionHow global wealth is distributed: top 1% and 10% shares, country wealth Ginis, the gap between income and wealth…
Global Trade 31 pages
- Air CargoHow aviation moves a third of world trade by value at high speed and small volume.
- Arms TradeWho exports and imports the world's major weapons, by SIPRI TIV share.
- Belt and Road InitiativeChina's Belt and Road Initiative: scale, geography, and the debt-trap debate.
- Commodity Prices — Long-RunLong-run real commodity prices for metals, agriculture and energy since 1900.
- Comparative AdvantageDavid Ricardo's principle of comparative advantage — why countries gain from trade even when one is better at…
- Counterfeit GoodsGlobal trade in fakes reached USD 467 billion in 2021 — 2.3% of all world imports.
- Critical MineralsA reference page on critical minerals: lithium, cobalt, nickel, copper and rare earths — what makes them…
- Currency WarsCurrency manipulation and competitive devaluation. The 1930s Beggar-Thy-Neighbor era, the 2010-13 currency wars…
- Customs Duties RevenueCustoms duties as a share of government revenue across countries.
- Digital Trade & E-CommerceTrack digital trade, e-commerce, and cross-border data flows. Digitally delivered services growing 8% annually.
- Economic ComplexityWhich countries make the most sophisticated products, and why complexity predicts future growth.
- Foreign Aid (ODA)Official Development Assistance flows: donor giving, recipient receiving, the 0.7% target, and the long debate…
- Free Trade AgreementsRegional and bilateral trade agreements worldwide. WTO RTA database, the noodle bowl of overlapping agreements…
- Free Trade ZonesFree trade zones and special economic zones (SEZs). Shenzhen, Dubai's JAFZA, Bangladesh EPZs.
- Global Supply Chains & ReshoringTrack global value chains, reshoring, and nearshoring trends. 40% of US firms relocating supply chains by 2026.
- Protectionism Through HistoryThe long-run history of trade protectionism. Corn Laws, Smoot-Hawley, post-war liberalization, and the post-2018…
- Services TradeServices trade by category: travel, transport, finance, IT, business services.
- Shipping & Freight RatesBaltic Dry Index, container shipping rates by route, the Red Sea diversion impact, Panama Canal drought, and…
- Tariffs & Trade BarriersAverage MFN and applied tariff rates by country, US-China tariff escalation, EU CBAM, Section 301 lines, the…
- Top Commodity ExportersCountries with the highest commodity export shares. Oil exporters, mineral exporters, agricultural exporters, and…
- Trade Agreements & Regional BlocsExplore global trade agreements including RCEP, USMCA, CPTPP, and bilateral FTAs.
- Trade Barriers & ProtectionismTrack global trade barriers including tariffs, quotas, and non-tariff measures.
- Trade by RegionExplore trade patterns across Asia-Pacific, Europe, Americas, and Africa.
- Trade Finance & PaymentsThe plumbing of international trade: SWIFT message volume, dollar share of cross-border payments, trade finance…
- Trade OpennessHow exports plus imports stack up against GDP worldwide and across economies.
- US Trade Deficit HistoryThe US trade deficit since 1970 — how it grew, what it reflects, and the long debate about whether it represents a…
- USD DominanceThe US dollar's role as the world reserve currency. Share of reserves, payments, trade invoicing, and the slow…
- World Trade Through HistoryWorld trade as a share of GDP from 1800 to today. The first and second waves of globalization, the inter-war…
- World's Top ExportersRankings of the world's largest goods and services exporters.
- World's Top ImportersThe world's largest goods importers. The US, China and EU concentration, what each region imports, and the…
- WTO and GATT HistoryThe history of the multilateral trading system — from the 1947 GATT through Uruguay Round to the WTO and the…
CO₂ Emissions 29 pages
- Arctic WarmingThe Arctic is warming at four times the global average rate.
- Carbon BudgetsCarbon budget 2026: 235 Gt remaining for 1.5°C (50%, 6 years). 83% probability budget exhausted.
- Carbon Capture & StorageOperational CCS capacity, the announced project pipeline, direct air capture, capture costs by application, and…
- Carbon PricingCarbon pricing schemes worldwide — emissions trading systems (ETS) and carbon taxes.
- Climate FinanceGlobal climate finance hit USD 1.46tn in 2022, far short of the USD 7.4tn needed yearly.
- Climate Tipping PointsThe Earth-system thresholds that could trigger self-reinforcing change.
- Coastal FloodingCoastal populations exposed to flooding from sea-level rise, storm surges.
- Consumption-Based CO₂Who really emits CO₂ once carbon embodied in imports and exports is counted.
- CO₂ Emissions by CountryCO₂ emissions by country (2026). China 12.7 Gt (32%), USA 5.0 Gt (13%), India 3.2 Gt (8%).
- CO₂ Emissions by SectorCO₂ emissions by sector (2026). Power & heat 29% (15.3 Gt, declining -0.8%), Industry 21% (11.1 Gt), Transport 15%…
- CO₂ Emissions Per CapitaCO₂ emissions per person by country, the per-capita versus total emissions debate, how production and consumption…
- CO₂ SinksNatural carbon sinks: oceans absorb ~25% of annual fossil CO₂; land sinks absorb another ~30%.
- Cumulative Historical CO₂ EmissionsCumulative CO₂ emissions by country since 1750. Who has emitted the most carbon, and how the 'historical…
- Deforestation and Land-Use ChangeA reference page on forest cover, deforestation rates and land-use-change CO₂.
- Emissions IntensityEmissions intensity 2026: Global 0.28 kgCO₂/$GDP (down from 0.45 in 2000, -38%).
- Extreme Weather EventsHeatwaves, hurricanes, droughts, floods. The increasing frequency and severity of extreme weather, and the climate…
- Forests and CarbonForests absorb ~7.6 Gt CO₂/year — about 20% of fossil fuel emissions.
- Glacier & Ice LossGlacier and ice-sheet mass loss from WGMS and NASA GRACE, in gigatonnes and sea-level rise.
- Global Temperature RecordThe instrumental global temperature record from 1850 to today.
- Greenhouse Gases ComparedThe major greenhouse gases — CO₂, methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases — by atmospheric lifetime, global…
- Historical CO₂ EmissionsHistorical CO₂ emissions 1850-2026. Cumulative 2,550 Gt total. From 0.2 Gt (1850) to 37.9 Gt (2026).
- Methane EmissionsA reference page on methane: where the emissions come from, why GWP-20 and GWP-100 give very different pictures…
- Methane PledgesThe Global Methane Pledge launched at COP26: signatories, the 30% reduction target by 2030, and the policy and…
- Net-Zero PledgesCountry net-zero targets, emissions coverage of pledges, legal status, and the remaining gap to the 1.5°C and 2°C…
- Ocean AcidificationSurface ocean pH has fallen from 8.2 (pre-industrial) to 8.1 today — a 30% increase in hydrogen ion concentration.
- Paris AgreementThe Paris Agreement framework, Nationally Determined Contributions, the 1.5°C and 2°C goals, and COP-by-COP…
- Sea Level RiseThe observed and projected rise in global mean sea level. Thermal expansion, glacier melt, ice-sheet…
- Transport EmissionsHow road, aviation, shipping and rail split transport's ~8 Gt of CO₂ each year.
- WildfiresGlobal wildfire trends. Area burned, carbon emissions, the fire-climate feedback.
Energy 31 pages
- Battery StorageGrid-scale battery deployment, lithium-ion pack prices, cathode chemistry shifts, China dominance and sodium-ion…
- BiofuelsGlobal biofuel production and consumption. Corn ethanol, sugarcane ethanol, biodiesel, sustainable aviation fuel…
- Coal DeclineGlobal coal consumption trends. OECD decline, persistent Asian use, and the structural roadblocks to ending coal…
- Critical Minerals for EnergyDemand for transition minerals — lithium, cobalt, nickel, copper, rare earths.
- Electricity AccessGlobal electricity access progress and gaps. The 770 million without access.
- Electricity DemandPower demand rose 4.3% in 2024 as data centres, AI and cooling drove record growth.
- Electricity Generation StatisticsTrack global electricity trends. 29,800 TWh generation (2024). Renewables 31%, coal 36%, gas 23%, nuclear 9%.
- Electricity Grid LossesTransmission and distribution losses across countries — from 3% in well-managed grids to 30%+ in some emerging…
- Electricity PricesResidential and industrial electricity prices around the world.
- Energy Consumption StatisticsTrack global energy demand. 606 EJ consumption (2024), up 1.8%.
- Energy Density of FuelsSpecific energy of major fuels in megajoules per kilogram. Why uranium dwarfs hydrocarbons, why hydrocarbons dwarf…
- Energy IntensityHow much energy the world burns per dollar of GDP, and why it keeps falling too slowly.
- Energy PovertyEnergy poverty in advanced economies and energy access deficits in developing countries.
- Energy Sources Through HistoryThe world energy mix from 1800 to today. Centuries-scale transitions from biomass to coal, coal to oil, and the…
- Energy Transition StatisticsTrack energy transition progress. Net zero by 2050 requires 6% emissions cut/year—currently 0.9%.
- Fossil Fuels StatisticsTrack fossil fuel trends. 492 EJ consumption (2024), 82% of energy.
- Fossil-Fuel SubsidiesIEA and IMF data on the $1 trillion to $7 trillion the world spends subsidising fossil fuels.
- Gas PipelinesMajor international gas pipelines — Nord Stream, Yamal, TurkStream, TAP, China-Central Asia.
- Geothermal EnergyGeothermal electricity and heat production worldwide. Iceland and Indonesia lead;
- Heating and CoolingEnergy demand for space heating, water heating, and air conditioning.
- HydropowerHydroelectric capacity, generation, pumped storage and hydro's share of renewables.
- LNG TradeGlobal LNG trade — the US export boom, Qatari dominance, post-Ukraine European pivot from Russian pipeline to…
- Natural Gas FlaringGlobal gas flaring at oil production sites — 140 billion cubic metres a year.
- Nuclear PowerOperating reactor count, country shares, small modular reactor (SMR) pipeline, capacity factors, the new-build…
- Oil & Gas PricesSpot and forward prices for Brent crude, WTI, EU TTF natural gas and US Henry Hub.
- Oil ReservesProven crude oil reserves by country, OPEC's near-80% share and how long they last.
- Power Density of Energy SourcesWatts per square metre of land area for each energy source. The fundamental geographic constraint on renewable…
- Renewable Energy StatisticsTrack renewable energy growth. 4,448 GW capacity (2024), 585 GW added.
- Solar PV CostsThe price decline of solar PV modules from $76/W (1976) to $0.10/W (2024).
- The Hydrogen EconomyGlobal hydrogen production today (mostly grey), the colour-code taxonomy, end-uses (refining, ammonia, steel), and…
- Wind EnergyGlobal wind power capacity, offshore wind expansion, capacity factors, and the LCOE trajectory.
Poverty 26 pages
- Cash Transfer ProgrammesCash transfer programmes — conditional and unconditional — across countries.
- Child Labour138 million children remain in child labour in 2024, with 54 million in hazardous work.
- Child PovertyChild poverty statistics: 417 million children in severe deprivation.
- Climate Change & Poverty NexusExplore how climate change affects poverty. Interactive charts on climate hazards, disaster losses, and…
- Extreme PovertyExtreme poverty definition, measurement, and statistics. Track the 839 million people living below $3/day (2021…
- Food InsecurityFood insecurity globally — distinct from but related to hunger.
- Global InequalityHow global inequality has evolved: the elephant curve, between-country vs within-country decomposition, and the…
- HomelessnessReported homelessness rates across OECD countries and the global scale of housing need.
- Housing Poverty and HomelessnessHousing poverty globally — slums and informal settlements (1.1 billion residents), homelessness in advanced…
- Human Development IndexUN HDI 2023: top and bottom countries, regional trends since 1990, the COVID setback and inequality losses
- MicrofinanceMicrofinance globally — Grameen Bank, Banco Sol, M-Pesa. The Yunus Nobel and the subsequent RCT evidence that has…
- Multidimensional Poverty IndexExplore multidimensional poverty through the UNDP Global MPI.
- No PovertySDG Goal 1: No Poverty - Track progress on ending poverty in all forms everywhere by 2030.
- Poverty and EducationHow poverty and education interact across generations. Educational attainment by family background, the heavy-tail…
- Poverty by AgePoverty rates differ by life stage. Children face higher poverty rates in most countries.
- Poverty Reduction StrategiesEvidence-based poverty reduction strategies that work. Interactive charts on cash transfers, social protection…
- Regional Poverty TrendsExplore regional poverty trends across Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, Latin America, East Asia, and MENA.
- Slums & Informal SettlementsAbout 1.1 billion people, a quarter of all urban residents, live in slums and informal settlements.
- Social Safety NetsSocial protection coverage globally — who is covered, who is left out, and what the World Bank ASPIRE database…
- The Working PoorWorkers living below the poverty line despite employment. Global numbers, regional variation, and why the 'jobs…
- Time PovertyTime poverty as a poverty dimension: how women, the working poor, and primary caregivers can be income-non-poor…
- Urban vs Rural PovertyRural poverty exceeds urban poverty in most countries. The urban-rural gap, urbanization effects, and the…
- Wealth MobilityIntergenerational income mobility across countries. The Great Gatsby curve, the wealth elasticity of parents and…
- Women and PovertyHow poverty falls disproportionately on women: lifetime earnings, single-parent households, unpaid care work…
- Working Conditions of the PoorWorking conditions facing workers in poverty. Occupational hazards, lack of protection, informal-sector…
- Youth PovertyPoverty among adolescents and young adults globally. Disproportionate poverty rates among the young, and the…
Health 40 pages
- Aging-Related DiseaseAlzheimer's, dementia, Parkinson's, and other aging-related disease burdens.
- Air Pollution and MortalityReference page on air pollution as a health risk: PM2.5 and ozone, ambient versus household sources, attributable…
- Air Quality by CityAir quality (PM2.5) by city worldwide. The polluted cities in South Asia, Beijing's improvement, the WHO guideline…
- Alcohol ConsumptionPer-capita alcohol consumption by country, drinking patterns by region, alcohol-attributable DALYs and deaths, and…
- Antimicrobial ResistanceDeaths attributable to AMR, antibiotic consumption by country, the development pipeline, MRSA…
- Cancer IncidenceCancer incidence by type and country. Why incidence rises with age, the long-run shift in cancer patterns, and the…
- Cardiovascular DiseaseCardiovascular disease — heart disease and stroke — remains the leading cause of death globally.
- Causes of Death — Long-Run ShiftThe historical transition from infectious diseases to non-communicable diseases as dominant causes of death.
- Child Mortality Through HistoryUnder-5 child mortality rates from 1800 to the present — one of the cleanest long-run improvements in human history.
- COVID-19 Pandemic (2020-2026)COVID-19 pandemic data 2020-2026: 7.1M official deaths (15-18M excess mortality), 782M cases, 13.6B vaccine doses…
- Dental HealthGlobal dental health: caries prevalence, periodontal disease, fluoridation, and the dental-care access gap.
- DiabetesType 1 and Type 2 diabetes prevalence worldwide. The rapid rise in the global south, treatment costs, and the…
- Disease Eradication ProgressThe handful of diseases humanity has eradicated, nearly eradicated, or is actively pursuing.
- Drug Use & OverdoseGlobal illicit drug use, disorders and overdose deaths
- Global Disease BurdenDisease burden data for 2026. 2.6 billion DALYs lost globally.
- Global Fertility DeclineTotal fertility rate worldwide from 1800 to today. The transition from ~6 to 2.3 children per woman, with most…
- Global Healthcare SpendingGlobal healthcare spending 2026: $10.2 trillion (10.8% GDP). USA $4.8T (16.7% GDP), $13,432 per capita.
- Global Life ExpectancyGlobal life expectancy data 2026: 73.4 years average, Monaco 86.7 highest, Nigeria 54.9 lowest (32-year gap).
- Global Maternal HealthMaternal mortality 2026: 287/100k globally, Sub-Saharan Africa 545, developed countries 12.
- Health WorkforceHealth workers per capita by country. WHO 4.45/1000 threshold, the Africa workforce shortage, and international…
- HIV & AIDSPeople living with HIV, new infections, AIDS-related deaths and treatment access.
- Hospital BedsHospital bed capacity per 1,000 people, by country and over time
- Infant and Neonatal MortalityInfant mortality (deaths under age 1) and neonatal mortality (first 28 days).
- MalariaGlobal malaria cases, deaths, country burden and prevention coverage
- Mental HealthDepression and anxiety prevalence, the global treatment gap, mental-health DALYs, suicide rates, spending…
- Nutrition DeficienciesGlobal micronutrient deficiencies — iron, vitamin A, iodine, zinc.
- Obesity & OverweightAdult and child obesity rates by country, BMI distribution, the double burden of obesity and undernutrition, GLP-1…
- Out-of-Pocket Health SpendingDirect payments, catastrophic costs and financial protection in health
- Pandemics Through HistoryThe major pandemics of the past century compared by mortality, transmission, and society-wide impact.
- Pharmaceutical SpendingPharmaceutical spending by country, by capita, and by therapeutic class.
- Physical ActivityPhysical activity levels worldwide. WHO guidelines, the global insufficiency epidemic, and the health burden of…
- Pollution DeathsDeaths from air pollution, water pollution and chemicals. 9 million premature deaths a year.
- Road Traffic DeathsRoad traffic fatalities per capita and per vehicle-km, the long-run decline in advanced economies, and the 20× gap…
- Suicide RatesGlobal suicide deaths, rates by sex and region, and the long-term trend
- Tobacco UseAdult smoking prevalence by country and over time. The long-run decline in high-income countries, persistence in…
- TuberculosisGlobal TB cases, deaths, drug resistance and treatment outcomes
- Universal Health CoverageService coverage index, the coverage gap and catastrophic health spending
- Vaccination CoverageRoutine childhood immunisation coverage (DTP3, measles, polio), HPV rollout, zero-dose children, the COVID-era…
- Vaccine HistoryThe history of vaccination: Jenner (1796), Pasteur, Salk, modern mRNA technology.
- Water, Sanitation and HygieneA reference page on WASH access: the JMP service ladders for drinking water, sanitation and hygiene, the…
Education 27 pages
- Boys vs Girls PerformanceEducational outcomes by gender. Girls now outperform boys in most OECD countries on reading, completion, and…
- Class SizesAverage class sizes in primary and secondary education across OECD economies.
- Digital ClassroomComputer and internet access in schools worldwide. The 2020 remote learning shock, EdTech investment cycles, and…
- Dropout RatesSchool dropout rates around the world. Sub-Saharan dropout, gender differences, and the determinants of completion.
- Early Childhood EducationPre-primary education enrollment globally. The OECD universality, the access gap in low-income countries, and the…
- Education Gender Gaps133M girls vs 139M boys out of school globally (more boys now!).
- Global Education SpendingGlobal education spending averages 4.5-5% of GDP (~$5.5T total). Norway 6.8%, Sub-Saharan Africa 3.2%.
- Global Literacy RatesGlobal literacy rates 2026: 87% adults (6.5B people) literate, youth 92%, gender gap 88% female vs 92% male.
- Global Literacy Through HistoryAdult literacy rates from 1800 to the present. From ~12% globally to ~87% — and the regional and gender gaps that…
- Global School EnrollmentSchool enrollment 2026: 272M children/youth out of school (78M primary, 64M lower secondary, 130M upper secondary).
- HomeschoolingHomeschooling prevalence and growth across countries. The US doubling, the European range, and what drove the…
- International StudentsWhere the world's nearly 6.9 million mobile students study and where they come from.
- Language LearningForeign language learning around the world. English's global dominance, Mandarin's rise, the Duolingo era, and…
- Learning OutcomesWhat children actually learn in school. PISA, TIMSS, and harmonized learning outcomes across countries.
- Learning PovertyShare of 10-year-olds who cannot read and understand a simple text, by region.
- Lifelong LearningAdult education and lifelong learning participation across countries.
- Out-of-School Children273 million children, adolescents and youth were out of school in 2024 as progress stalls.
- PhD ProductionAnnual PhD graduations by country and field. China overtook the US as the leading STEM PhD producer.
- PISA Scores 2022PISA 2022: Singapore leads with 575 math, 543 reading. Top: Macao, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea.
- Private vs Public SchoolsPrivate school enrollment by country, OECD comparisons, and the contested evidence on private vs public school…
- Returns to EducationHow much each extra year of schooling raises earnings, by region, level, and gender.
- School Feeding ProgramsSchool feeding programs feed 418 million children worldwide.
- STEM DegreesSTEM (science, technology, engineering, math) degree production by country.
- Teacher SalariesTeacher salaries across OECD economies. Statutory salary structures, career progression, and the gap between…
- Tertiary EnrolmentTertiary gross enrolment ratio by country and over time. The post-1970 expansion of higher education, the…
- Vocational TrainingVocational education and apprenticeship systems globally. German dual system, Swiss model, the contested case for…
- Years of SchoolingMean years of schooling among adults, expected years of schooling for children entering school, and the long-run…
Population 29 pages
- Aging Population & DemographicsTrack global aging trends. 16% of world over 65 today, rising to 24% by 2080. Median age 31 years.
- Birth Rates HistoryLong-run crude birth rates from 1800 to today. The demographic transition decade by decade and the recent…
- Contraception & Family PlanningContraceptive prevalence, modern-method use, unmet need and method mix worldwide.
- Dependency RatiosHow dependent populations compare to working-age populations across countries.
- Divorce RatesDivorce rates around the world. The 1970s liberalization, country-level variation, and the recent reversal in some…
- Family SizeHousehold size and family composition globally. Sub-Saharan extended families vs Nordic small households.
- Fertility & Mortality RatesTrack global fertility and mortality. Fertility fell from 5.0 (1950) to 2.3 births/woman (2024).
- Global Migration & RefugeesTrack global migration patterns. 304M international migrants (2024), 43.7M refugees, 83M internally displaced.
- Internal MigrationInternal migration patterns within countries. The China rural-urban movement, regional patterns in India, US…
- Internet Access HistoryThe growth of internet access from 1990 to today. From 4 million users to 5.5 billion;
- Life Expectancy GapsThe 33-year gap between top and bottom countries, the female-male gap, within-country rich-poor differences…
- Living AloneSolo living — people living alone — has surged globally. Causes, country variation, age patterns, and the…
- Marriage RatesMarriage rates around the world. The post-1970 decline in advanced economies, age at first marriage rising…
- Median AgeThe world's median age hit 30.6 years in 2024, up from ~22 in 1950, and is projected to reach 36 by 2050.
- Migration CorridorsTop international migration corridors. The Mexico-USA, India-UAE, Russia-Ukraine flows.
- Population DensityHow crowded each country is, from Macau and Monaco to Mongolia and Australia.
- Population Growth TrendsTrack global population growth from 2.5B (1950) to projected 10.3B peak (2084).
- Population PyramidsPopulation pyramids reveal demographic structure: pyramids in Africa, rectangles in Europe, inverted shapes in…
- Refugees and Forced DisplacementReference page on refugee and forced-displacement statistics: who counts as a refugee, the IDP and asylum-seeker…
- Religious AffiliationWorld religious affiliation: Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, the unaffiliated.
- Sex Ratios at BirthThe natural sex ratio at birth (105 boys per 100 girls), the prenatal-selection distortion in parts of Asia, and…
- Stateless PersonsAbout 4.4 million stateless people reported to UNHCR — the true total runs far higher.
- Urbanization & MegacitiesTrack global urbanization trends. 57% live in cities (2026), rising to 68% by 2050. 33 megacities with 10M+ people.
- Urbanization Through HistoryUrban share of world population from 1500 to today. From under 5% to over 56%.
- Working-Age ShareWorking-age (15–64) population share across countries. The demographic dividend window, its closure, and the…
- World HappinessHappiest and least happy countries in WHR 2026, the six factors behind them, and the youth happiness decline
- World LanguagesThe top 30 world languages by native and total speakers. Language families, the dominance of a handful of…
- World Population HistoryThe world population curve from 10,000 BC to the present. The agricultural-revolution plateau, the industrial-era…
- World's Largest CitiesThe world's largest urban agglomerations ranked by population.
Food & Agriculture 27 pages
- Agricultural EmploymentWhat share of the world's workforce farms, by region and income group.
- Agricultural SubsidiesHow USD 842 billion a year in farm support is split across countries, measured by the OECD's PSE.
- Coffee, Cocoa & TeaProduction and trade of coffee, cocoa and tea. Producer country concentration, smallholder dominance, and the…
- Crop Domestication OriginsWhere the world's major crops were domesticated, when, and how they spread.
- Dairy ProductionWorld dairy production. India is the largest producer; EU and US lead in exports.
- Fertilizer UseGlobal nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer consumption.
- Fish ConsumptionFish and seafood consumption per capita by country. Coastal vs landlocked patterns, aquaculture share, and the…
- Fisheries & AquacultureGlobal wild catch and aquaculture production, the rising share of farmed fish, overfishing of monitored stocks…
- Food Import DependenceNet food-importing countries face risks from global price spikes.
- Food Loss & WasteFood lost or wasted along the supply chain: 1.3 billion tonnes a year, ~33% of production.
- Food Prices Through HistoryLong-run food prices in real and nominal terms. The 1970s and 2007-08 spikes, the 2022 surge, and the long-run…
- Global Crop Yields2020 crop yields: Maize 6.0 t/ha global (8.0 Oceania/Americas, 2.0 Africa).
- Global Food PricesFAO Food Price Index: 124.3 (Dec 2025, down 0.8 points). Rice prices +4.3% due to policy measures.
- Global Food Production StatisticsGlobal food production 2026: 9.8B tons cereals, 2.8B tons vegetables, 360M tons meat, 122M tons aquaculture.
- Global Grain TradeInternational trade in wheat, corn, rice and barley. The grain-exporter concentration, Russia-Ukraine market…
- Global Hunger & Malnutrition StatisticsGlobal hunger crisis 2026: 735M undernourished (9.1% of population), 148M children stunted, 45M wasted, 2.2B…
- Global Land UseHow the world's habitable land is allocated: agriculture (50%), forests (37%), urban, freshwater, barren.
- Global Water Scarcity2.4B people live in water-stressed countries. Agriculture 70% of global freshwater withdrawals.
- GMO CropsGenetically modified crop area, country adoption patterns, the EU restriction vs Americas embrace, and gene…
- IrrigationIrrigated cropland, top countries, and agriculture's share of global freshwater use.
- LivestockHow many chickens, cattle, pigs, sheep and goats the world keeps — and why poultry dwarfs the rest.
- Meat ConsumptionPer-capita meat consumption by country and species, the rise of poultry, the land and emissions footprint of…
- Organic FarmingCertified organic agricultural land worldwide. Top countries, market size, the yield gap with conventional, and…
- Palm OilPalm oil production, the Indonesia-Malaysia duopoly, deforestation impact, and the certification and EU regulation…
- Pesticide UseGlobal pesticide use by country and chemical class. Glyphosate dominance, neonicotinoid restrictions, organic…
- SugarWorld sugar output, top producers and exporters, per-capita intake, and the cane vs beet split.
- Vegetarianism and VeganismVegetarian and vegan diet prevalence worldwide. India's exceptional position, Western growth, motivations, and the…
Technology 31 pages
- 5G CoverageGlobal 5G subscriptions, population coverage and the regional adoption gap.
- Adoption Curves of Major TechnologiesHow long it took telephone, electricity, automobile, television, computer, internet, smartphone and AI to reach…
- App EconomyGlobal mobile app revenue, App Store and Play Store dynamics, top apps by revenue and downloads.
- Broadband and WiFi SpeedsInternet speeds around the world. Fixed broadband, mobile, and WiFi performance.
- Cloud ComputingPublic cloud market size, AWS/Azure/GCP market shares, the hyperscaler oligopoly, and the AI-driven acceleration…
- Compute & Moore's LawSix decades of computing — transistor counts, FLOPS per dollar, the GPU era, and what happens as Moore's Law slows…
- Cryptocurrency MiningBitcoin mining energy consumption, geographic distribution after China's 2021 ban, hash rate growth, and the…
- CybersecurityAnnual breach counts, ransomware payment trends, attack vectors, sector exposure, and the gap between attacker…
- Data Centers & EnergyData center electricity share, AI compute growth, PUE trends, water use, the grid-buildout constraint on AI…
- E-Commerce Share of RetailE-commerce as share of total retail by country. China and UK lead; Amazon's market share, the post-pandemic plateau.
- Electric VehiclesGlobal EV sales by country and year. Market share, leading manufacturers, charging infrastructure, and the long…
- Electronic WasteGlobal electronic waste generation, recycling rates, and the informal sector that processes most e-waste in…
- Gaming IndustryVideo game industry revenue, platform mix, top publishers, the streaming and esports adjacencies.
- Global AI AdoptionAI adoption reaches 16.3% of global population in 2026. ChatGPT serves 800M weekly users (68% market share).
- Global Digital DivideDigital divide persists with 2.6 billion people offline (32%) in 2026.
- Global Internet PenetrationInternet penetration reaches 68% globally (5.6B users) in 2026. Mobile internet 5.8B users.
- Global Smartphone Usage and 5G NetworksSmartphones reach 5.78 billion users (70.1% of global population) in 2026. 7.58B total devices globally.
- Global Social Media UsageSocial media reaches 5.24 billion users (68% penetration) in 2026. Facebook 3.1B users, Instagram 2.5B, TikTok 1.8B.
- Industrial RobotsRobot installations, operational stock, robot density and automation by country.
- Internet ShutdownsGovernment-ordered internet shutdowns worldwide. Frequency, economic costs, the India / Iran / Pakistan / Ethiopia…
- Internet Traffic GrowthGlobal internet traffic growth, the dominance of video, the CDN concentration of content delivery, and the…
- Mobile SubscriptionsMobile cellular subscriptions globally — 8 billion subscriptions, more than the world population.
- Patent ApplicationsWorldwide patent filings hit 3.7M in 2024, with China's CNIPA receiving 1.8M of them.
- Quantum ComputingThe state of quantum computing in 2024-25. IBM, Google, IonQ, PsiQuantum.
- Satellite InternetActive satellites in orbit, Starlink's dominance, subscribers and the megaconstellation race.
- SemiconductorsGlobal semiconductor revenue, foundry market share, TSMC dominance, the CHIPS Act and EU Chips Act, leading-edge…
- Social Media PlatformsMajor social media platforms by monthly active users. Facebook, YouTube, WhatsApp, Instagram, WeChat, TikTok, plus…
- Space Launch & SatellitesFalling launch costs, active satellites in orbit, the Starlink-dominated LEO constellation, and the space economy…
- Streaming ServicesSubscription streaming services — Netflix, Spotify, Disney+, YouTube Premium.
- Submarine Cables600+ undersea cables spanning 1.5M+ km carry nearly all the world's intercontinental data.
- Wearable DevicesWearable device adoption — Apple Watch dominance, Fitbit acquisition by Google, smart glasses (Meta Ray-Ban).